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To understand cataracts, it first helps to know how the eye works. Light enters the eye through the cornea, which is the clear outer dome, then moves through the pupil, where the lens is. The lights is then transmitted and focuses images on the retina, which is like film in a camera. The macula is the central receptor part of the retina where we
get sharp vision for tasks such as reading and driving. The retina then sends the images along the optic nerve to the brain for processing.
A cataract is a gradual clouding of the human lens inside the eye. This lens is a small oval like structure consisting of a thin capsule (like clear plastic wrap) enveloping a bag of protein. The protein is crystal
clear and colorless at birth, but over the years it discolors and clouds. It first yellows, then turns brown, and finally cloudy. When it becomes so cloudy that it interferes with vision, it is referred to as a cataract. At this time, the lens no longer transmits or focuses
light clearly. A cataract is not a growth, a “skin,” or a disease, nor is it usually not a sign of eye or systemic disease.
Initially, the cataract changes the focusing power of the eye. Sometimes, a change of glasses can satisfactorily improve vision. However, clarity will gradually drop so that vision becomes increasingly difficult, despite the best possible glasses.
A person with cataract sees things as if looking through a dirty window or a car windshield that needs to be defrosted. Glare becomes a serious problem and color perception becomes muted. Common activities such as
reading, driving, computer work, hobbies, and athletics become less easy and, eventually, impossible due to diminished vision.
There is no non-surgical treatment for cataracts. Preventative measures can include wearing good ultraviolet (UV) blocking sunglasses to protect your eyes from the sun. Anti-oxidant vitamins can delay cataract changes. Smoking accelerates cataract development and should be
avoided. Again, some improvement with glasses is possible until the cataract becomes severe.
Routine eye exams are important in watching for cataract formation that may be the result of medicines or general illnesses. However, if you do not have regular eye exams and start experiencing, cloudy vision, consult a physician.
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